_ Edlund,
Dr. John. "Ethos, Logos, Pathos: Three Ways to Persuade." calstatela.
N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr 2012.
<http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/jgarret/3waypers.htm>.
In his web based document “Ethos, Logos, Pathos: Three Ways to Persuade,” Dr. John R. Edlund, introduces and defines the rhetorical strategies ethos, pathos and logos. He argues how rhetors use writing strategies to persuade the audience. Dr. Edlund explains that “Ethos is an important factor in advertising, both for commercial products and in politics. For example, when an actor in a pain reliever commercial puts on a doctor's white coat, the advertisers are hoping that wearing this coat will give the actor the authority to talk persuasively about medicines” (Edlund). He also goes into detail about the importance of logos and the existence of logos in a text. He states “persuasive strategy is usually privileged over appeals to the character of the speaker or to the emotions of the audience” (Edlund). Last he describes pathos as the reason we feel a certain way about a text or in this case an advertisement. Pathos is our emotional state and how it affects our judgment. “Due to this fact, much of our political discourse and much of the advertising we experience is directed toward moving our emotions” (Edlund). Each of these three rhetorical strategies is used to persuade the audience in advertising.
This document will be helpful to analyze advertisements and how they appeal to different people using pathos, logos and ethos. Although there are not any statistics or many examples of real advertisements, this will still give me a starting point with these three persuasive aspects in advertising. Using logos, pathos and ethos I can analyze advertisements and the reason why they are effective to the audience. In contrast I can consider why an advertisement would not appeal to a certain audience based on logos, ethos and pathos.
Knarr, David. "Magazine Advertising-Trade Secrets." Sudio 1 Productions. 2012: n. page. Print. <http://www.studio1productions.com/Articles/MagAds.htm>.
In “Magazine Advertising-Trade Secrets,” David Knarr argues how ads are effective in specific mediums and why they are effective. He identifies the reasons why advertisers choose magazine specific medium. Knarr classifies the different ways an advertiser can advertise in a magazine and why they choose a certain magazine. He examines the detail and information you must recognize before you determine where and how to advertise.
Understanding this material and the ways in which advertisers must speculate before their advertisement goes out to the public will help me to determine the reasoning of the advertisement. This goes hand in hand with the audience involved as well as the discourse community the advertising team is a part of. Studying what is involved in advertising will benefit my analysis of how audience plays a huge role in advertising as well as how ethos, pathos and logos.
McComiskey, Bruce. "Social-Process Rhetorical Inquiry: Cultural Studies Methodologies for Critical Writing about Advertisements." Jac Online Journal. 17.3 n. page. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol17.3/mccomiskey-socialprocess.pdf>.
Cultural Studies Methodologies for Critical Writing about Advertisements by Bruce McComiskey, identifies a study about advertising and the cultural aspects involved. This article contains information about classroom writing and a “complete social-process approach to composition by proposing a conception of rhetorical inquiry based on the complete cycle of cultural production, contextual distribution, and critical consumption” (Mcomiskey). He argues that” most advertising cultural values construct readers as ideal identities and encourage certain ideal social practices over others, and they relate these ideal practices to particular products”(386). These values are then processed within the reader as the “ideal” way and they take on the response the advertisers were anticipating.
Although this article may not pertain directly to the research I am interested in, it contains a study of advertising which includes cultural production, the distribution of advertising and who reads advertisements. Applying this information to my research will help me understand important aspects in the advertisement culture as well as why it is important in regards to writing in the classroom. McComiskey identifies that when the cycle of production, distribution and consumptions are “viewed as a heuristic for rhetorical inquiry, it encourages students to understand both writing and culture as dialectical social processes through which they can derive a degree of agency (McComiskey).
Messaris, Paul. Visual persuasion : the role of images in advertising. California: Sage Publications, 1997. Print.
Paul Messaris’s book identifies the persuasion found in advertising. He uses social-psychological and sociological studies to back up his claims. He uses research and examples of how images in advertising are used and how they are misused. Included in Messari’s book are the reasons why images inadvertising persuade the audience and the devices that advertiser’s use to achieve this.
If I choose to use this source for my paper, I would include data that Messaris collected and examine the importance of it. He explains how these images as well as video and film are reproduced in order for the audience to feel that these are the reality of life. This will be interesting to include in my paper along with the rhetoric that is involved in advertising and how they coinside with each other.
Olson, Lester, Cara Finnegan, and Diane Hope. Visual Rhetoric. California: Sage Publications, 2008. Print.
Visual Rhetoric is compiled of different chapters consisting of different rhetorical action. This book explains how visual images are dominant tools of persuasion. Each section defines the terms and argues how they are presented throughout the type of rhetoric being discussed. This book also includes scholarly methods of dealing with this type of rhetoric, which includes gender, race and class. A wide range of media, cultures and time periods are also covered in Visual Rhetoric.
Using this book in my research will help me understand the different methods that are involved in not only advertising but visual content in general. I think that discovering different media will show that visuals are very powerful. I will have a section in my website discussing visuals and the persuasion involved in them.
Scott, Linda M. "Images in Advertising: The Need for a Theory of Visual Rhetoric." Journal of Consumer Research. 21.2 (1994): 252-273. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. <http://www.religion.emory.edu/faculty/robbins/Pdfs/Scott_Visual Rhetoric_Advertising.pdf>.
This article examines how images in advertising are assumed to be reflections of reality. However, this article claims the opposite and presents that the images are actually presented to appeal to the audience in order for them to buy or show interest in the advertisement. It also explains that visual advertisements are part of a rhetoric theory and consist of symbols being communicated to receive a response.
This article will allow me to gain an understanding of the actual symbols that are used in advertising and how/why they are communicated to the audience that way. It will also show me how visual advertisements are considered rhetoric and why they are communicated and presented in the way they are.
Mzoughi, Nabil, and Samar Abdelhak. "The Impact of Visual and Verbal Rhetoric in Advertising on Mental Imagery and Recall." International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2.9 (2011): 1-11. Web. 7 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._9_[Special_Issue_- _May_2011]/30.pdf>.
The research in this article consists of rhetoric within the visual as well as the verbal features in advertisements. Mzoughi and Abdelhak include this research to represent how these images shape the minds of the audience and attract them to the brand that is being advertised.
Although this is not exactly the ideas I am using for my paper, I think that it will help me understand how rhetoric is used with the images in advertising. I also will use the research within this text to examine how images affect the audience and include this in my paper as well.
Shea, Renee. "The Rhetoric of Advertising." CollegeBoard. Bowie State University, n.d. Web. 8 Apr 2012. <http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/courses/teachers_corner/32181.html>.
Shea examines the persuasion techniques and how ethos, pathos and logos are present within the images that are in advertisements. This article does not include much other information. Shea explains that ads are actually an argument and that this is why they are considered rhetoric. This includes “critical thinking about claims, assumptions, counterargument, types of appeals, logical fallacies, and audience -- basic elements of rhetoric” (Shea).
I think this will be very helpful although it doesn’t include much information it still explains briefly how ads are considered rhetoric and what is involved. The written text, visual images and the overall presentation that is involved in the ads are covered concisely as well.
Harris, A. (1989). “Sell! Buy! Semiolinguistic Manipulation in Print Advertising”. Document in:
http://www.csun.edu/-vcspc005/advertis.html.
Dr. Alan Harris argues that advertising consists of semiotic and linguistic material in order to achieve persuasion. Visual material paired with the linguistic material is often present achieving to a great degree-persuasion. He goes into great detail explaining how the linguistic material is manipulated over and created carefully to gain the consumers acceptance. Dr. Harris also confidently claims that the linguistic manipulation found in ads shapes American cultures beliefs and values.
The information Dr. Harris’s presents are important to the claims that I will present in my paper. The argument’s he explains and the research he states, will be helpful in my examination. He not only defines the terms but Dr. Harris also gives great examples of each. It will be important for me to understand each word and how it pertains to the linguistic aspect of advertising. Even though I may not discuss this characteristic of advertising in my paper, it will be essential in the understanding of persuasion.
Acuff, Daniel, and Reiher, Robert . KIDNAPPED. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Publishing, 2005. 1-264. Print.
Daniel Acuff and Robert Reiher argues that children and teen are affected by advertising in society. They examine the media and the society in terms of advertisements, “Children regularly are immersed in age-inappropriate information, stimuli, and situations” (13). In the chapter Loss of Innocence, Acuff and Reiher argue that children are in danger in today’s times because of the music, advertisements, movies and other things that they are exposed to. They pinpoint these issues with results such as depression, suicide, pregnancy and even child abuse. Children are vulnerable individuals and the advertising world realizes these weaknesses, therefore aim at this audience in hopes of influencing the teens. Acuff and Reiher examine the vulnerable stages of children and teens.
Within my website I will focus on teens as well as children and the situations they face with advertisements today. There is persuasion involved in most ads, makeup advertisements which aim at teens are filled with persuasion. These advertisements result in manipulation the teens. Using the book, KIDNAPPED, I will give statistics that are included in the book about the rate of teens that are affected by such advertisements and also why they are more likely to be manipulated.
Zollo, Peter. Wise Up to Teens. 2nd ed. New York: New Strategist Publications, 1999. 1-338. Print.
Peter Zollo examines the reason why teens are considered important consumers and why advertising focuses on this audience. Wise Up to Teens provides the reader with important information about the consumers world made up of teens. The way teens see media and advertising along with the reasons why they purchase what they do. Zollo explains the aspects that go into teens decisions. This book also argues that teens are “Influencers, Conformers, and Passives, who collectively make up more than 83 percent of the teen population-they are trend involved” (234).
This book, will educate me with background information, which I will need to examine the teen consumers today. In my website I will include the teen population and the choices they make, relaying on information that persuades them. I will also use the information presented in this book, on how advertisers create ads based around the teen population. There are rules that advertisers must conform to in order to reach this large population.
Kahle, Lynn, and Chung Kim. Creating Images And The Psychology Of Marketing Communication. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associaties, 2006. 3-363. Print.
This book includes various information on the approaches to the research of images. There are three main parts which consist of, determinants, role, and outcome of a powerful image. Lynn and Kim examine these parts with complete examination of marketing images and the uses of these images. They explain the psychological and social aspects of marketing. There is information about the different kinds of marketing techniques, including celebrity appearances and advertisements that contain women.
For my website I am going to examine the different marketing strategies that advertisers achieve. This book will guide me into this direction with information pertaining to this topic. The section about sports celebrities’ image will inform me on the how the images of celebrities are used in ads and the purpose behind them. This information will be added to the section of my website about how images of celebrities are used in advertising and the effect they have on people.
Barnes, Susan. Visual Impact:The Power Of Visual Persuasion. Cresskill Associates: Hampton Press, 2009. 1-182. Print.
Susan Barnes book evaluates the persuasion that is in images. She includes examination of advertising along with, art, the environment and journalism images. Barnes argues that the persuasion in images had an effect on individuals and culture. She identifies these images as “visual messages”. There are various chapters in this book and they each pertain to a specific category of images. The chapter The Artists Eye, examines how the human eye unconsciously takes in images and how we perceive them.
For my website I will have a section on the way people perceive images in advertising. This section of Barnes book will be valuable to me, with examples shown as well as the cultural perspectives she talks about. I will also examine the meaning and effect visual messages have on teens in society.
Levine, Robert. The Power of Persuasion. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. Print.
Robert Levine examines different persuasion techniques and the effects they have on people in society. Included in his examinations are examples of persuasion and how peoples perspectives are altered. He gives examples of different types of persuasion and situations involving each type. In one section of his book he talks specifically about marketers and how they become effective.
For my website I will have a section examining how marketers advertise and the reasons they do it. Levine’s section on this topic will be effective for this part of my website. He examines effective marketing strategies along with less effective strategies and the outcomes of both. This information will correlate with my research on the effects advertising has on teens in society.
Campelo, Adriana, Robert Aitken, and Juergen Gnoth. "Visual Rhetoric And Ethics In Marketing Of Destinations." Journal Of Travel Research 50.1 (2011): 3-14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.
Campelo, Aitken and Gnoth argue that advertising places is used as a means of informing and attracting people to new places. This also means great expansion and tourists visiting which amounts to furthering economic growth. They examine the rhetoric related to images. They argue that there are benefits in the messages being communicated, “Therefore, the use of visual rhetoric in advertising not only “tries to use the most effective devices for informing, reminding and persuading the target market” but also “for creating meaning or constructing an argument” (Bulmer and Buchanan-Oliver 2006, p. 55).
Although I do not plan on examining place advertising, this journal article will guide me with information about how advertisers view their marketing techniques as beneficial to the growth of the economy. I will also use the section about visual rhetoric and the argument these authors put up about the messages related to the images in advertising as beneficial to the consumer.
Gibson, Walker. "DoubleSpeak in Advertising." English Journal. 64.2 (1975): 14-15. Print.
As an English professor at The University of Massachusetts Gibson argues that while advertising may have negative aspects they also have rhetoric involved. He references how teachers have taught students not to be persuaded by advertising. With this concept he argues, that using the words in advertisements is a great and effective way in teaching students to write, “What a joy it is, after all that, to turn to the ads, with their exuberance and camaraderie. Pictures too! Almost every ad in the paper gives us a play on words of some kind: punning and ambiguity, irony and metaphors” (14)
This research will guide me with an argument that while advertising may be persuasive and have negative effects on teens there is a positive aspect as well. As Gibson argues the rhetoric involved in the advertisements there are great ways to teach students writing and the techniques. This also relates to the section of my website about why teens are targeted among others.
Browne, B. A.. "Gender stereotypes in advertising on children's television in the 1990s: A cross- national analysis." . N.p., 1998. Web. 7 May 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4189061>.
This article focuses on gender based advertising and commercials aimed at kids. Throughout Browne’s arguments she identifies the reasons why marketers target kids and how they do this with stereotyping. She argues that “women are depicted as dependent and emotional” (83).She compares research on stereotyping on television from the 80’s to the 90’s. There is much detail about how stereotyping and gender based commercials have changed in just a decade. In the 80’s there wasn’t as much stereotyping as there was in the 90’s. She conducted a survey with commercials that aired during Saturday morning cartoons and explains the results.
This article will give me statistics on stereotyping in the 1990’s compared to the 1980’s. However this information is not exactly what I am looking for in my research. It may be helpful to see how gender based commercials have changed for the better or for the worse but because it was from the 1990s it is a little too outdated for the research I am completing.
.
In his web based document “Ethos, Logos, Pathos: Three Ways to Persuade,” Dr. John R. Edlund, introduces and defines the rhetorical strategies ethos, pathos and logos. He argues how rhetors use writing strategies to persuade the audience. Dr. Edlund explains that “Ethos is an important factor in advertising, both for commercial products and in politics. For example, when an actor in a pain reliever commercial puts on a doctor's white coat, the advertisers are hoping that wearing this coat will give the actor the authority to talk persuasively about medicines” (Edlund). He also goes into detail about the importance of logos and the existence of logos in a text. He states “persuasive strategy is usually privileged over appeals to the character of the speaker or to the emotions of the audience” (Edlund). Last he describes pathos as the reason we feel a certain way about a text or in this case an advertisement. Pathos is our emotional state and how it affects our judgment. “Due to this fact, much of our political discourse and much of the advertising we experience is directed toward moving our emotions” (Edlund). Each of these three rhetorical strategies is used to persuade the audience in advertising.
This document will be helpful to analyze advertisements and how they appeal to different people using pathos, logos and ethos. Although there are not any statistics or many examples of real advertisements, this will still give me a starting point with these three persuasive aspects in advertising. Using logos, pathos and ethos I can analyze advertisements and the reason why they are effective to the audience. In contrast I can consider why an advertisement would not appeal to a certain audience based on logos, ethos and pathos.
Knarr, David. "Magazine Advertising-Trade Secrets." Sudio 1 Productions. 2012: n. page. Print. <http://www.studio1productions.com/Articles/MagAds.htm>.
In “Magazine Advertising-Trade Secrets,” David Knarr argues how ads are effective in specific mediums and why they are effective. He identifies the reasons why advertisers choose magazine specific medium. Knarr classifies the different ways an advertiser can advertise in a magazine and why they choose a certain magazine. He examines the detail and information you must recognize before you determine where and how to advertise.
Understanding this material and the ways in which advertisers must speculate before their advertisement goes out to the public will help me to determine the reasoning of the advertisement. This goes hand in hand with the audience involved as well as the discourse community the advertising team is a part of. Studying what is involved in advertising will benefit my analysis of how audience plays a huge role in advertising as well as how ethos, pathos and logos.
McComiskey, Bruce. "Social-Process Rhetorical Inquiry: Cultural Studies Methodologies for Critical Writing about Advertisements." Jac Online Journal. 17.3 n. page. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol17.3/mccomiskey-socialprocess.pdf>.
Cultural Studies Methodologies for Critical Writing about Advertisements by Bruce McComiskey, identifies a study about advertising and the cultural aspects involved. This article contains information about classroom writing and a “complete social-process approach to composition by proposing a conception of rhetorical inquiry based on the complete cycle of cultural production, contextual distribution, and critical consumption” (Mcomiskey). He argues that” most advertising cultural values construct readers as ideal identities and encourage certain ideal social practices over others, and they relate these ideal practices to particular products”(386). These values are then processed within the reader as the “ideal” way and they take on the response the advertisers were anticipating.
Although this article may not pertain directly to the research I am interested in, it contains a study of advertising which includes cultural production, the distribution of advertising and who reads advertisements. Applying this information to my research will help me understand important aspects in the advertisement culture as well as why it is important in regards to writing in the classroom. McComiskey identifies that when the cycle of production, distribution and consumptions are “viewed as a heuristic for rhetorical inquiry, it encourages students to understand both writing and culture as dialectical social processes through which they can derive a degree of agency (McComiskey).
Messaris, Paul. Visual persuasion : the role of images in advertising. California: Sage Publications, 1997. Print.
Paul Messaris’s book identifies the persuasion found in advertising. He uses social-psychological and sociological studies to back up his claims. He uses research and examples of how images in advertising are used and how they are misused. Included in Messari’s book are the reasons why images inadvertising persuade the audience and the devices that advertiser’s use to achieve this.
If I choose to use this source for my paper, I would include data that Messaris collected and examine the importance of it. He explains how these images as well as video and film are reproduced in order for the audience to feel that these are the reality of life. This will be interesting to include in my paper along with the rhetoric that is involved in advertising and how they coinside with each other.
Olson, Lester, Cara Finnegan, and Diane Hope. Visual Rhetoric. California: Sage Publications, 2008. Print.
Visual Rhetoric is compiled of different chapters consisting of different rhetorical action. This book explains how visual images are dominant tools of persuasion. Each section defines the terms and argues how they are presented throughout the type of rhetoric being discussed. This book also includes scholarly methods of dealing with this type of rhetoric, which includes gender, race and class. A wide range of media, cultures and time periods are also covered in Visual Rhetoric.
Using this book in my research will help me understand the different methods that are involved in not only advertising but visual content in general. I think that discovering different media will show that visuals are very powerful. I will have a section in my website discussing visuals and the persuasion involved in them.
Scott, Linda M. "Images in Advertising: The Need for a Theory of Visual Rhetoric." Journal of Consumer Research. 21.2 (1994): 252-273. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. <http://www.religion.emory.edu/faculty/robbins/Pdfs/Scott_Visual Rhetoric_Advertising.pdf>.
This article examines how images in advertising are assumed to be reflections of reality. However, this article claims the opposite and presents that the images are actually presented to appeal to the audience in order for them to buy or show interest in the advertisement. It also explains that visual advertisements are part of a rhetoric theory and consist of symbols being communicated to receive a response.
This article will allow me to gain an understanding of the actual symbols that are used in advertising and how/why they are communicated to the audience that way. It will also show me how visual advertisements are considered rhetoric and why they are communicated and presented in the way they are.
Mzoughi, Nabil, and Samar Abdelhak. "The Impact of Visual and Verbal Rhetoric in Advertising on Mental Imagery and Recall." International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2.9 (2011): 1-11. Web. 7 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._9_[Special_Issue_- _May_2011]/30.pdf>.
The research in this article consists of rhetoric within the visual as well as the verbal features in advertisements. Mzoughi and Abdelhak include this research to represent how these images shape the minds of the audience and attract them to the brand that is being advertised.
Although this is not exactly the ideas I am using for my paper, I think that it will help me understand how rhetoric is used with the images in advertising. I also will use the research within this text to examine how images affect the audience and include this in my paper as well.
Shea, Renee. "The Rhetoric of Advertising." CollegeBoard. Bowie State University, n.d. Web. 8 Apr 2012. <http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/courses/teachers_corner/32181.html>.
Shea examines the persuasion techniques and how ethos, pathos and logos are present within the images that are in advertisements. This article does not include much other information. Shea explains that ads are actually an argument and that this is why they are considered rhetoric. This includes “critical thinking about claims, assumptions, counterargument, types of appeals, logical fallacies, and audience -- basic elements of rhetoric” (Shea).
I think this will be very helpful although it doesn’t include much information it still explains briefly how ads are considered rhetoric and what is involved. The written text, visual images and the overall presentation that is involved in the ads are covered concisely as well.
Harris, A. (1989). “Sell! Buy! Semiolinguistic Manipulation in Print Advertising”. Document in:
http://www.csun.edu/-vcspc005/advertis.html.
Dr. Alan Harris argues that advertising consists of semiotic and linguistic material in order to achieve persuasion. Visual material paired with the linguistic material is often present achieving to a great degree-persuasion. He goes into great detail explaining how the linguistic material is manipulated over and created carefully to gain the consumers acceptance. Dr. Harris also confidently claims that the linguistic manipulation found in ads shapes American cultures beliefs and values.
The information Dr. Harris’s presents are important to the claims that I will present in my paper. The argument’s he explains and the research he states, will be helpful in my examination. He not only defines the terms but Dr. Harris also gives great examples of each. It will be important for me to understand each word and how it pertains to the linguistic aspect of advertising. Even though I may not discuss this characteristic of advertising in my paper, it will be essential in the understanding of persuasion.
Acuff, Daniel, and Reiher, Robert . KIDNAPPED. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Publishing, 2005. 1-264. Print.
Daniel Acuff and Robert Reiher argues that children and teen are affected by advertising in society. They examine the media and the society in terms of advertisements, “Children regularly are immersed in age-inappropriate information, stimuli, and situations” (13). In the chapter Loss of Innocence, Acuff and Reiher argue that children are in danger in today’s times because of the music, advertisements, movies and other things that they are exposed to. They pinpoint these issues with results such as depression, suicide, pregnancy and even child abuse. Children are vulnerable individuals and the advertising world realizes these weaknesses, therefore aim at this audience in hopes of influencing the teens. Acuff and Reiher examine the vulnerable stages of children and teens.
Within my website I will focus on teens as well as children and the situations they face with advertisements today. There is persuasion involved in most ads, makeup advertisements which aim at teens are filled with persuasion. These advertisements result in manipulation the teens. Using the book, KIDNAPPED, I will give statistics that are included in the book about the rate of teens that are affected by such advertisements and also why they are more likely to be manipulated.
Zollo, Peter. Wise Up to Teens. 2nd ed. New York: New Strategist Publications, 1999. 1-338. Print.
Peter Zollo examines the reason why teens are considered important consumers and why advertising focuses on this audience. Wise Up to Teens provides the reader with important information about the consumers world made up of teens. The way teens see media and advertising along with the reasons why they purchase what they do. Zollo explains the aspects that go into teens decisions. This book also argues that teens are “Influencers, Conformers, and Passives, who collectively make up more than 83 percent of the teen population-they are trend involved” (234).
This book, will educate me with background information, which I will need to examine the teen consumers today. In my website I will include the teen population and the choices they make, relaying on information that persuades them. I will also use the information presented in this book, on how advertisers create ads based around the teen population. There are rules that advertisers must conform to in order to reach this large population.
Kahle, Lynn, and Chung Kim. Creating Images And The Psychology Of Marketing Communication. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associaties, 2006. 3-363. Print.
This book includes various information on the approaches to the research of images. There are three main parts which consist of, determinants, role, and outcome of a powerful image. Lynn and Kim examine these parts with complete examination of marketing images and the uses of these images. They explain the psychological and social aspects of marketing. There is information about the different kinds of marketing techniques, including celebrity appearances and advertisements that contain women.
For my website I am going to examine the different marketing strategies that advertisers achieve. This book will guide me into this direction with information pertaining to this topic. The section about sports celebrities’ image will inform me on the how the images of celebrities are used in ads and the purpose behind them. This information will be added to the section of my website about how images of celebrities are used in advertising and the effect they have on people.
Barnes, Susan. Visual Impact:The Power Of Visual Persuasion. Cresskill Associates: Hampton Press, 2009. 1-182. Print.
Susan Barnes book evaluates the persuasion that is in images. She includes examination of advertising along with, art, the environment and journalism images. Barnes argues that the persuasion in images had an effect on individuals and culture. She identifies these images as “visual messages”. There are various chapters in this book and they each pertain to a specific category of images. The chapter The Artists Eye, examines how the human eye unconsciously takes in images and how we perceive them.
For my website I will have a section on the way people perceive images in advertising. This section of Barnes book will be valuable to me, with examples shown as well as the cultural perspectives she talks about. I will also examine the meaning and effect visual messages have on teens in society.
Levine, Robert. The Power of Persuasion. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. Print.
Robert Levine examines different persuasion techniques and the effects they have on people in society. Included in his examinations are examples of persuasion and how peoples perspectives are altered. He gives examples of different types of persuasion and situations involving each type. In one section of his book he talks specifically about marketers and how they become effective.
For my website I will have a section examining how marketers advertise and the reasons they do it. Levine’s section on this topic will be effective for this part of my website. He examines effective marketing strategies along with less effective strategies and the outcomes of both. This information will correlate with my research on the effects advertising has on teens in society.
Campelo, Adriana, Robert Aitken, and Juergen Gnoth. "Visual Rhetoric And Ethics In Marketing Of Destinations." Journal Of Travel Research 50.1 (2011): 3-14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.
Campelo, Aitken and Gnoth argue that advertising places is used as a means of informing and attracting people to new places. This also means great expansion and tourists visiting which amounts to furthering economic growth. They examine the rhetoric related to images. They argue that there are benefits in the messages being communicated, “Therefore, the use of visual rhetoric in advertising not only “tries to use the most effective devices for informing, reminding and persuading the target market” but also “for creating meaning or constructing an argument” (Bulmer and Buchanan-Oliver 2006, p. 55).
Although I do not plan on examining place advertising, this journal article will guide me with information about how advertisers view their marketing techniques as beneficial to the growth of the economy. I will also use the section about visual rhetoric and the argument these authors put up about the messages related to the images in advertising as beneficial to the consumer.
Gibson, Walker. "DoubleSpeak in Advertising." English Journal. 64.2 (1975): 14-15. Print.
As an English professor at The University of Massachusetts Gibson argues that while advertising may have negative aspects they also have rhetoric involved. He references how teachers have taught students not to be persuaded by advertising. With this concept he argues, that using the words in advertisements is a great and effective way in teaching students to write, “What a joy it is, after all that, to turn to the ads, with their exuberance and camaraderie. Pictures too! Almost every ad in the paper gives us a play on words of some kind: punning and ambiguity, irony and metaphors” (14)
This research will guide me with an argument that while advertising may be persuasive and have negative effects on teens there is a positive aspect as well. As Gibson argues the rhetoric involved in the advertisements there are great ways to teach students writing and the techniques. This also relates to the section of my website about why teens are targeted among others.
Browne, B. A.. "Gender stereotypes in advertising on children's television in the 1990s: A cross- national analysis." . N.p., 1998. Web. 7 May 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4189061>.
This article focuses on gender based advertising and commercials aimed at kids. Throughout Browne’s arguments she identifies the reasons why marketers target kids and how they do this with stereotyping. She argues that “women are depicted as dependent and emotional” (83).She compares research on stereotyping on television from the 80’s to the 90’s. There is much detail about how stereotyping and gender based commercials have changed in just a decade. In the 80’s there wasn’t as much stereotyping as there was in the 90’s. She conducted a survey with commercials that aired during Saturday morning cartoons and explains the results.
This article will give me statistics on stereotyping in the 1990’s compared to the 1980’s. However this information is not exactly what I am looking for in my research. It may be helpful to see how gender based commercials have changed for the better or for the worse but because it was from the 1990s it is a little too outdated for the research I am completing.
.